Canada

Canada is a North American country in which it’s ten provinces and three territories extend from the Pacific to the Atlantic and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Based on total area, Canada is the world's second-largest country and features the world's longest bi-national land border with the United States northern border. The capital city of Canada is Ottawa while the most populated city and largest metropolitan area is Toronto. Overall, Canada is quite sparsely populated due to the majority of land area being overwhelmed by tundra or forest, however, the primary population is highly urbanized in large and medium-sized cities residing within 100 kilometres of the southern United States border. Thousands of years before European colonization, various Indigenous peoples such as First Nations and Inuit inhabited what is now Canada. It wasn't until the 16th century that the French and British set off on expeditions to explore and later settle within what would become Canada along the Atlantic Coast. After several armed conflicts between the French and British, the British won control of nearly all colonies in North America in the late 16th century. In 1867, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces with the union of three British North American colonies, which began the growth of provinces and territories, as well as separation from the United Kingdom. The autonomy from the British expanded in 1931 after the Statute of Westminster and Canada officially became legally independent in 1982 after the Canada Act. Canada is bilingual at the federal level, speaking both English and French respectively.